1. Which of the following statements is not true about prevalence rates: A. They include only cases existing at the beginning of the time period in the numerator. * B. They are influenced by the duration of disease. C. They include new and existing cases in the numerator. 2. Which of the following rates is calculated as: Number of all registered cases of tuberculosis in a year / Mid-year population x 100,000? A. Case-fatality rate of tuberculosis B. Period prevalence of tuberculosis* C. Incidence of tuberculosis 3. Which indicator is calculated as: Number of all registered cases of pneumonia in a year / Mid-year population x 100,000? A. General indicator for morbidity B. Cause-specific indicator for morbidity* C. Standardized indicator 4. Diseases with the highest rate of GP consultation among children are: A. Respiratory diseases* B. Cardio-vascular diseases C. Injuries and poisoning 5. DALYs express: A. The years of life lived in a good health B. The years of life free of disability C. The years of life lost due to premature death and years lived with a disability, adjusted for the severity of the disability* 6. Iceberg of morbidity is the difference between prevalence and incidence rate A. True B. False* 7. Iceberg of morbidity is the difference between point prevalence and period prevalence A. True* B. False 8. The difference between point prevalence and period prevalence is: A. Iceberg of morbidity* B. Incidence rate C. Prevalence rate 9. Low accessibility of health services/care: A. Increase the iceberg of morbidity* B. Decrease the iceberg of morbidity C. Doesn’t affect the iceberg of morbidity 10. Low prevalence rate is always an indicator for good population health A. True B. False* 11. Point prevalence could be calculated using data from A. Prophylactic (regular) check-ups* B. Medical documentation C. Both statements are true 12. International classification of diseases (ICD) makes disease registers of different countries comparable. A. True* B. False 13. The Oncology Register in the town A with population of 100 000 people, includes 40 people with lung cancer diagnosed for first time during the year 2019 and 60 patients with the same disease, diagnosed during a previous period of time. Incidence rate of lung cancer is: A. 40 per 100000 people* B. 60 per 100000 people C. 100 per 100000 people 14. The Oncology Register in the town A with population of 100 000 people, includes 40 people with lung cancer diagnosed for first time during the year 2019 and 60 patients with the same disease, diagnosed during a previous period of time. Period prevalence rate of lung cancer is: A. 40 per 100000 people B. 60 per 100000 people C. 100 per 100000 people* 15. The Oncology Register in the town A with population of 100 000 people, includes 40 people with lung cancer diagnosed for first time during the year 2014 and 60 patients with the same disease, diagnosed during a previous period of time. Iceberg of morbidity of lung cancer is: A. 40 per 100000 people B. Cannot be calculated* C. 100 per 100000 people 16. The aim of primordial prevention is: A. Identification of high-risk groups in population B. Early diagnosis of disease C. Non-admission of risk factors in population* 17. Early diagnosis of disease is aim of: A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention* C. Tertiary prevention 18. Prevention paradox is a phenomenon typical for: A. Primordial prevention B. High-risk strategy of primary prevention C. Population strategy of primary prevention* 19. Human Papilloma Virus immunisation is an example of: A. Primary prevention* B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention 20. Which of the following is a characteristic of high-risk strategy of primary prevention? A. People are highly motivated for participation B. It is suitable to reduce behaviour risk factors* C. It provides a utility/benefit for total population 21. Which of the following is a characteristic of population strategy of primary prevention? A. People are highly motivated for participation B. It is suitable to reduce behaviour risk factors C. It provides a utility/benefit for total population* 22. In which strategy of primary prevention people are highly motivated for participation A. High-risk strategy* B. Population strategy 23. Which strategy of primary prevention people provides a utility/benefit for total population A. High-risk strategy B. Population strategy* 24. Which of the following is a disadvantage of population strategy of primary prevention? A. It is suitable to reduce behaviour risk factors B. It provides an utility/benefit for total population C. It gives distinct results after a long period of time* 25. Which of the following are necessary criteria for instituting screening programme? A. Effective treatment of disease during the latency period B. Simple and cheap screening test C. All of the above* 26. Which characteristic of the screening test express the proportion of truly ill people in the screened population who are identified as ill by the test: A. Sensitivity* B. Specificity C. Negative predicted value 27. Positive predicted value A. The proportion of truly healthy people in the screened population identified by the test B. The proportion of truly ill people in the screened population identified as ill by the test C. The probability of the person having the disease when the test is positive* 28. Which of the following statements is true about prevalence rates? A. They include only cases existing at the beginning of the time period in the numerator. B. They are not influenced by the duration of disease. C. They include new and existing cases in the numerator* 29. The years of life lost due to premature death and years lived with a disability, adjusted for the severity of the disability is measured by: A. Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) * B. Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) C. Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) 30. Which of the following rates is calculated as: Number of new cases of cases of cancer during a given year / Mid-year population x 1000? A. Period prevalence of cancer B. Point prevalence of cancer C. Cancer incidence rate* 31. Diseases with the highest rate of GP consultation among adult people are: A. Cardio-vascular diseases* B. Nervous system diseases C. Mental disorders 32. Iceberg of morbidity is: A. The difference between period prevalence and incidence rate B. The difference between point prevalence and incidence rate C. The difference between point prevalence and period prevalence* 33. Which of the following is true about prophylactic (regular) check-ups? A. They present an active method of studying morbidity B. They allow calculation of point prevalence C. Both statements are true* 34. The prophylactic (regular) check-ups is example of: A. Active method of studying morbidity* B. Passive method of studying morbidity C. Source of studying morbidity 35. The scientific research is example of: A. Active method of studying morbidity* B. Passive method of studying morbidity C. Source of studying morbidity 36. Studying morbidity by data from causes of death is: A. Active method of studying morbidity B. Passive method of studying morbidity* 37. Improvement of medical technologies for prolonged surveillance of patients increase prevalence rate. A. True* B. False 38. Which of the following conditions increases prevalence rate? A. Low accessibility of health care B. Poor diagnostic practices C. Emigration of healthy people* 39. Which of the following conditions doesn’t increase prevalence rate? A. Low accessibility of health care* B. Emigration of healthy people C. Immigration of ill people 40. Improvement of medical technologies for early diagnosis: A. Increase prevalence rate* B. Decrease prevalence rate C. Doesn’t affect prevalence rate 41. High prevalence rate is always an indicator for poor population health A. True B. False* 42. In the 10-th revision of the International classification of diseases (ICD) they are organized in 21 classes A. True* B. False 43. The Oncology Register in the town A, with population of 100 000 people, in the year 2019 includes 100 people with colon cancer. 30 of them have been diagnosed during the same year. The Incidence rate of colon cancer is? A. 100 per 100000 B. 30 per 100000* C. 130 per 100000 44. The Oncology Register in the town A, with population of 100 000 people, in the year 2019 includes 100 people with colon cancer. 30 of them have been diagnosed during the same year. The period prevalence rate of colon cancer is? A. 100 per 100000 B. 30 per 100000 C. 130 per 100000* 45. The Oncology Register in the town A, with population of 100 000 people, in the year 2019 includes 100 people with colon cancer. 30 of them have been diagnosed during the same year. Iceberg of morbidity of colon cancer is? A. Cannot be calculated* B. 100 per 100000 C. 30 per 100000 46. Prevention paradox is a phenomenon typical for: A. Primary prevention* B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention 47. Which of the following makes the disease appropriate for instituting screening programme? A. Short latency period B. Effective treatment of disease during the clinically manifested period* C. Unknown prevalence 48. Which of the following is a characteristic of population strategy of primary prevention? A. People are highly motivated for participation B. It is suitable to reduce behaviour risk factors* C. There is a necessity of screening to identify high-risk people 49. Which of the following is a disadvantage of high-risk strategy of primary prevention? A. It is not suitable to eradicate behaviour risk factors* B. It provides a good cost – benefit ratio C. It gives distinct results after a long period of time 50. Screening programme for early diagnosis of cervix cancer is an example of: A. Primordial prevention B. Primary prevention C. Secondary prevention* 51. The aim of tertiary prevention is: A. Identification of high-risk groups in population B. Reduction of harmful effect of risk factors C. Reduction of negative consequences of disease* 52. Sensitivity of a screening test is described by: A. The proportion of truly healthy people in the screened population identified by the test B. The proportion of truly ill people in the screened population identified as ill by the test* C. The probability of the person having the disease when the test is positive 53. The proportion of truly ill people in the screened population who are identified as ill by the test is A. Sensitivity* B. Specificity C. Positive predicted value 54. The proportion of truly healthy people in the screened population who are identified as healthy by the test is A. Sensitivity B. Specificity* C. Positive predictive value 55. Specificity of a screening test is described by: A. The proportion of truly healthy people in the screened population identified by the test* B. The proportion of truly ill people in the screened population identified as ill by the test C. The probability of the person having the disease when the test is positive 56. The probability a person with positive screening test to be ill is measured by: A. Positive predictive value* B. Negative predictive value C. Sensitivity 57. The probability a person with negative screening test to be healthy is measured by: D. Positive predictive value E. Negative predictive value* F. Sensitivity 58. Total population, selected groups and individuals at high risk are target groups of: A. Primary prevention* B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention 59. Individuals with established disease in asymptomatic stage are target groups of: A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention* C. Tertiary prevention 60. Measures that inhibit the emergence of environmental, economic, social and behavioural conditions are typical for: A. Primary prevention B. Primordial prevention* C. Tertiary prevention 61. Measures for protection of health by personal and communal efforts, such as enhancing nutritional status, providing immunizations, and eliminating environmental risks are typical for: A. Primary prevention* B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention 62. Measures available to individuals and communities for early detection and prompt intervention to control disease and minimize disability (e.g. through screening programs) are typical for: A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention* C. Tertiary prevention 63. Measures aimed at softening the impact of long-term disease and disability; minimizing suffering; maximizing potential years of useful life.are typical for: A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention* 64. The aim of primary prevention is to establish and maintain conditions that minimize hazards to health. A. True B. False* 65. The aim of primary prevention is to reduce the prevalence of disease by shortening its duration. A. True B. False* 66. Reduction of number and/or impact of complications is the aim of tertiary prevention: A. True* B. False 67. The purpose of primary prevention is to limit the incidence of disease by controlling specific causes and risk factors. A. True* B. False 68. Secondary prevention aims to reduce the more serious consequences of disease through early diagnosis and treatment. A. True* B. False 69. The process of using tests on a large scale to identify the presence of disease in apparently healthy people is: A. Diagnostic procedure B. Screening* C. Secondary prevention 70. Screening which involves people or groups with specific exposure is: A. Mass screening B. Targeted screening* C. Opportunistic screening 71. Screening which aims to involve total population is: A. Mass screening* B. Targeted screening C. Opportunistic screening 72. Which of the following is a criteria for socially significant disease A. Low prevalence rate B. Low burden of disease (measured by DALYs) C. High mortality rate* 73. Which of the following is a requirement for instituting a screening programme: A. Acceptable and cost-effective test* B. Short latency period of the disease C. Lack of effective treatment 74. Which of the following is not a requirement for instituting a screening programme: A. Acceptable and cost-effective test B. Long latency period C. Lack of effective treatment* 75. Which of the following is not a criteria for socially significant disease: A. Low burden of disease (measured by DALYs)* B. High proportion in hospital admission and hospital expenditure C. High mortality rate 76. Which of the following is an example for socially significant disease in developed countries: A. Measles B. Poliomyelitis C. Breast cancer* 77. Which of the following is not example for socially significant disease in developing countries: A. Measles* B. Breast cancer C. Diabetes 78. Fixed individual characteristics as age, gender, genetic factors could be defined as: A. Modifiable risk factors B. Unmodifiable risk factors* C. Secondary risk factors 79. The relative impact of genetic risk factors on health is evaluated as: A. 49-53% B. 18-20%* C. 8-10% 80. The relative impact of behaviour risk actors on health is evaluated as: A. 49-53%* B. 18-20% C. 8-10% 81. Which of the following risk factors belongs to the group of community risk factors: A. Sex B. Air pollution* C. Age 82. Which of the following risk factors belongs to the group of individual risk factors: A. Hypertension* B. Poor water supply C. Air pollution