1. According to its genetic mechanism, atopy is:
a. autosomal dominant
b. autosomal recurrence
c. due to the interaction between different primary and secondary genes having many allelic forms*
d. due to a new genetic mutation

2. The anaphylactic reaction is:
a. type 1 hypersensitivity reaction*
b.  type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
c. Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
d. type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

3. Anaphylaxis-inducing antibodies are:
a. IgG class
b. IgA class
c. IgM class
d. IgE class*

4 The anaphylactic reaction has:
a. one phase
b. two phases*
c. three phases
d. several phases of flow

5. Thenewlysynthesizedmastcellmediatorsintheanaphylacticreactionare:
a. prostaglandinsandleukotrienes*
b. only prostaglandins
c.only leukotrienes
d. histamine

6. The major blood cells involved in the pathogenesis of anaphylaxis are:
a. neutrophils
b.mast cells*
c. macrophages
d.eosinophils

7. The early phase of anaphylaxis is clinically manifested:
a. 5-30 minutes after contact with the allergen*
b. 60-90 minutes after contact with the allergen
c. 6-12 hours after contact with the allergen
d. there is no definite period

8. The main biological mediator causing the initial pathophysiological changes in anaphylaxis is:
a. platelet activating factor
b. TNF alpha
c. histamine*
d. diacylglycerol

9. Pathophysiological changes in anaphylaxis are expressed in:
a. spasm of blood vessels and smooth muscle
b. dilatation of blood vessels and smooth muscle
c. dilation of small blood vessels, increase of their permeability and spasm of smooth muscle*
d. dilation of small blood vessels, reduction of their permeability and spasm of smooth muscle

10. The late phase of the anaphylactic reaction is caused by:
a. de newly synthesized histamine
b. de newly synthesized mediators - prostaglandins and leukotrienes*
c. late effect of protease enzymes
d. TNF-beta

11. The most common cause of death in anaphalactic shock is:
a. the inability to control hypotension*
c. cardiac arrhythmias
s. conduction disorders of the heart
e. bronchospasm

12. Inwhichdiseasedoesallergenspecificimmunotherapyshould notbeapplied:
a. allergicrhinitis
b. atopicbronchialasthma
c. atopicdermatitis*
d. insectallergy

13. Theprincipleofallergenspecificimmunotherapyis:
a. productionofallergen-specificblocking IgG4antibodies*
b. blockingofmastcellIgEreceptors
c. blockingextracellularhistamine
d. inhibitionofphospholipase A2

14.Allergenspecificimmunotherapyforpollenallergicrhinitisshouldbeinitiatedthrough:
a. thebeginningofthepollenseason
b. outsidethepollenseason*
c. attheendofthepollenseason
d. hasnorelationtopollenseason

15. Allergenspecificimmunotherapyismostsuccessfulin:
a. insectallergy*
b. moderateandsevereallergicrhinitis
c. severebronchialasthma

16. Beforestartinganallergenspecificimmunotherapypatientsshouldstoptaking:
a. calciumantagonists
b. tricyclicantidepressants
c. betablockers*
d. sartans

17. Themostsevereadversereactionwithallergenspecificimmunotherapyis:
a. Guillen-Barresyndrome
b. anaphylacticshock*
c. localallergicreaction
d. immunocomplexvasculitis

18. Which kind of patients with bronchial asthma are expected to have best effect from allergen-specific immunotherapy:
a. a young patient with monoallergy to pollen*
b. adult patient with concomitant diseases and monoallergy to house dust mites
c. a young patient with polyallergy
d. adult monoallergicpatient without concomitant diseases 

19. Whichway for conductingallergenspecificimmunotherapyisnotusedat all:
a. subcutaneous
c. sublingual
s. intravenous*

20. If a patientwithpollenallergicrhinitisorbronchialasthmareceivingallergen-specificimmunotherapydevelopsanaphylacticshock:
a. allergenspecificimmunotherapyisdiscontinued*
b. allergenspecificimmunotherapycontinuesundertheprotectionofcorticosteroids
c. allergen-specificimmunotherapyisstoppedfor 30 daysandthencontinued

21. Whenadministering a subcutaneousallergen-specificimmunotherapyafterinjection, thepatient:
a. shouldremainunderobservationfor 30 minutes*
b. doesnotneedtoremainundersurveillance
c. remainsunderobservationonlyifhehashadsideeffectswithpreviousinjections
d. remainsunderobservationfor 2 hours

22. Which of the ways to conduct allergen specific immunotherapy is not used:
a. subcutaneous
c. sublingual
s. intravenous*

23.When administering a subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy after injection, the patient:
a. should remain under observation for 30 minutes*
b. does not need to remain under surveillance
с. remains under observation only if he has had side effects with previous       injections
d. remains under observation for 2 hours

24. Allergen specific immunotherapy for bee / wasp venom should be initiated through:
a. the beginning of the pollen season
b. outside the pollen season*
c. at the end of the pollen season
d. has no relation to pollen season

25. In which disease does allergen specific immunotherapy not be applied:
a. allergic rhinitis
b. atopic bronchial asthma
c. atopic dermatitis*
d. insectallergy 

26. Scarification (scratch) skin test shall be reported on:
a. 20 min *
b. 1 hour
c. after 1 hour and 12 hours
d. after 1 hour and 24 hours

27. Pricktests and intradermal tests with allergens shall be reported on:
a. 20 min *
b. 1 hour
c. after 1 hour and 12 hours
d. after 1 hour and 24 hours

28. The patch tests shall be reported after:
a. 24 hours
b.72 hours *
c. 2 hours
d. 5 days

29. Positive scarification(scratch) samples are those with a papule diameter above:
a. 3 mm *
b. 5 mm
c. 7 mm

30. Positive Prick tests are those with a papule diameter above:
a. 5 mm
b. 3 mm *
c. 7 mm

31. Positive intradermal tests are those with a papule diameter above:
a. 3 mm
b. 5 mm
c. 7 mm *

32. Before performing skin tests - scarification, prick and intradermal patients should have stopped for 5-7 days’ therapy with:
a. corticosteroids
b. antihistamines *
c. beta blockers
d. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

33. Before performing the patch tests, patients should have stopped taking:
a. corticosteroids *
b. antihistamines
c. beta blockers
d. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

34. Withtheskintests - scarification, prickandintradermalwefind a reactionto:
a. type 1 hypersensitivityreaction *
b. type 2 hypersensitivityreaction
c. hypersensitivityreactiontype 3
d. type 4 hypersensitivityreaction

35. Patch tests detect a hypersensitivity reaction:
a. type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
c. type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
s. hypersensitivity reaction type 3
e. type 4 hypersensitivity reaction *